Using a Theory of Change

The Theory of Change (ToC) framework within this playbook is built on a set of assumptions and hypotheses about how change happens within a care service. These assumptions are grounded in research, lived experience, and insight gathered from Equal Care members and wider stakeholders.

In the context of this evaluation framework, the ToC helps identify key indicators for the outcomes we aim to achieve and measure. Understanding both the outcomes and the indicators linked to them is crucial to evaluating how effective our activities and outputs are.

But a ToC isn’t only useful for evaluating services. It can also be a powerful tool for explaining how an organisation’s day-to-day work contributes to broader change: whether to co-op members, local partners, or funders. A well-articulated ToC can help to:

🎯 Clarify Long-term Goals and Objectives

A Theory of Change sets out an organisation’s long-term goals alongside the steps required to reach them. It provides a shared language and direction for everyone involved.

📌 Promote Accountability

By making assumptions and pathways visible, a ToC invites critical thinking about the link between actions and outcomes. It supports transparency and prompts honest reflection on what’s working - and what’s not.

🧭 Support Strategic Planning and Delivery

A Theory of Change provides a map for delivering activities with purpose. It ensures that energy is focused on the things that lead to the changes we want to see.

🤝 Build Engagement and Ownership

Creating a ToC is often a collaborative process. Involving team members, community partners, people giving and receiving support, and others helps to build shared ownership of the organisation’s goals and strategy.